BORN_SHORT ‎17 aug 1153 Normandy, France, DIED_SHORT ‎apr 1156 Wallingford Castle, Wallingford, Berkshire, England‎

BORN_SHORT ‎28 feb 1155 Bermondsey, Surrey, England, DIED_SHORT ‎11 jun 1183 Château Martel, Turenne, Corrèze, France‎, 27 or 28 years
TITLES: Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine.
TITLES: Crowned joint King of England with his father, 14 Jun 1170; re-crowned together with his queen, 1172.

CONDITION: Died without issue and before father

BORN_SHORT ‎ 1156 London, Middlesex, England, DIED_SHORT ‎28 jun 1189 Brunswick, Brunswick, Germany‎, BURIED_SHORT ‎ Cathedral of St. Blasius, Brunswick, Brunswick, Germany
TITLES: Birthright> Princess of England.

BORN_SHORT ‎8 sep 1157 Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, DIED_SHORT ‎6 apr 1199 Châlus, Haute-Vienne, France‎, 41 or 42 years, BURIED_SHORT ‎ Fontevrault-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, France Find all individuals with even
Fontevrault-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, France Find all individuals with events at this location [4]
Notes

KINSHIP: 3rd but eldest surviving son.

MILITARY: Joined his brothers in their rebellion against their father, 1173/1174; a fresh war ensued after his father called on him to give up the duchy of Aquitaine to his brother, John; the French king, Philippe Auguste, led an army into Barry and besieged Richard and his brother John at Châteauroux in 1187 - a great battle was averted only by the intervention of the nobles; war broke out again, 1189; set about organizing an army to join the French and Germans on the Third Crusade, whose aim was to recover Jerusalem, captured from the westerners by the Muslims in 1187, and he left England on 11 Dec 1189; he secured Acre and Jaffa and defeated the Muslims in the Battle of Arsuf, but his forces were not sufficiently strong to gain Jerusalem; waged war against the French king; he was fatally injured during a minor siege at Châlus, 1199.
HONORS: Knighted.
TITLES: Duke of Normandy; Count of Poitou.
TITLES: Duke of Aquitaine - did homage, in 1169, to King Louis VII for his mother's inheritance, the duchy of Aquitaine, and was acknowledged Duke in 1170. On his father's orders, he resigned the duchy of Aquitaine to his mother, Queen Eleanor, 1185.
TITLES: King of England, crowned at Westminster Abbey, 3 Sep 1189.

PROPERTY: He did homage to the French king for all his French possessions, 1188.

PUNISHMENT: Imprisoned and Ransom> When returning to England from the Holy Land, he was imprisoned in Germany by the Duke of Austria, who he had rashly insulted when in the Holy Land; released on payment of a huge ransom, 1594.

DEATH: Cause> Fatally injured by a crossbow bolt.

CONDITION: sp> Died without issue.

BORN_SHORT ‎23 sep 1158 , DIED_SHORT ‎19 aug 1186 Paris, Ville-de-Paris, France‎, 27 or 28 years, BURIED_SHORT ‎ Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, Ville-de-Paris, France
KINSHIP: 4th son.

IDENTITY: Correction> Listed as "King's nephew" in 'The Complete Peerage', vol. 3 p. 168; amended to "King's son" in 'The Complete Peerage', vol. 14 p. 171 [CHESTER: p. 168 lines 31-34].

CHURCH: Founded, with his wife, a chaplaincy in Rouen Catherdral for the soul of his late brother, Henry, 1184.

TITLES: Birthright> Prince of England.
TITLES: Earl of Richmond.
TITLES: Marriage> In right of wife, Duke of Brittany; Earl of Richmond.

DEATH: Cause> Killed in a tournament.

BURIAL: Place> Buried in the quire of Notre Dame Cathedral.

BORN_SHORT ‎oct 1165 Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France, DIED_SHORT ‎sep 1199 Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France‎, 33 or 34 years
TITLES: Birthright> Princess of England.
TITLES: 1st Marriage> Queen of Sicily: See 'Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families', p. 7 PLANTAGENET:2.vii.
TITLES: 2nd Marriage> Duchess of Narbonne: See 'Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families', p. 7 PLANTAGENET:2.vii.

DEATH: Date Conflict> Listed as "4 Sep 1199" in 'Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists', 2nd ed. p. 279 PLANTAGENET:17.vii; listed as "24 Sep 1199" in 'Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families', p. 7 PLANTAGENET:2.vii.

BORN_SHORT ‎24 dec 1167 Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, DIED_SHORT ‎18 oct 1216 Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, England‎, BURIED_SHORT ‎ Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England
KINSHIP: 5th and youngest son.
KINSHIP: Brother and heir of Richard I, King of England.

MILITARY: At first John was successful in defending his French lands; later he lost Normandy, Anjou, Maine, and Touraine to the French king, 1204; John conducted another campaign in France, and suffered a disastrous defeat at the battle of Bouvines on the river Margne, 1214.

CHURCH: Refused to accept Pope Innocent III's nomination of Stephen LANGTON as Archbishop of Canterbury, 1205; this led the Pope to impose an interdict on England in 1208, suspending all religious services, and excommunicating King John. After five years of amassing the revenues of vacant or appropriated sees and abbeys, John agreed to became a vassal to the Pope for an annual tribute of one thousand marks, with absolution from excommunication and the lifting of the interdict, 1213.

TITLES: Styled Count of Mortain at the Coronation of Richard I.
TITLES: (Jure uxoris) Earl of Gloucester; granted the earldom of Gloucester by his brother, King Richard 1, 1195.
TITLES: Having received from his brother, Richard I, in 1189, the county of Cornwall, he is held by some to have become the "Earl of Cornwall", but there is no evidence, as yet, that he ever bore that title.
TITLES: Succeeded brother Richard I, King of England, in 1199, as King of England, crowned 27 May 1199, reigned 1199-1216.
TITLES: Merge> Upon his succession as King of England, in 1199, all his honors merged in the Crown.

PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the castle and honour of Marlborough, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the castle and honour of Ludgershall, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the castle and honour of Lancaster, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the castle and honour of Bolsover, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the castle and honour of the Peak, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the town of Nottingham {Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, England}, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the honour of Tickhill, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the honour of Wallingford, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the county of Derby {, Derbyshire, England}, 1189.
PROPERTY: His father, King Henry II, granted him the honour of Peverel, 1189.
PROPERTY: Granted the county of Dorset {, Dorset, England}, with all rights of jurisdiction, by the end of 1189.
PROPERTY: Granted the county of Somerset {, Somerset, England}, with all rights of jurisdiction, by the end of 1189.
PROPERTY: Granted the county of Devon {, Devon, England}, with all rights of jurisdiction, by the end of 1189.
PROPERTY: Granted the county of Cornwall {, Cornwall, England}, with all rights of jurisdiction, by the end of 1189.
PROPERTY: His brother, King Richard I, granted him the county of Mortain, in 1195.
PROPERTY: His brother, King Richard I, granted him the honour of Eye, in 1195.

INFAMY: Broke his promise not to enter England during his brother Richard's absence (Richard was on crusade). During Richard's imprisonment in Germany, he attempted unsuccessfully to seize control of England.

INFAMY: When king he did the following - attempted to restore his finances for further warfare in France by determined taxation and exploitation of his feudal prerogatives (later the basis for the charge of tyranny). Went to Ireland, where he took Carrickfergus, seized the lands of the Lacys and banished the Earl of Ulster, built several fortresses, appointed sheriffs and other officers to carry out the English system of law, and coined new money. Arrested all the Jews in England, and made them pay 66,000 marks. Made an expedition to North Wales, compelled the submission of Llywelyn, and raised fortresses.

PUNISHMENT: When his brother, Richard I, King of England, returned in 1193, John was deprived of his English lands and excommunicated for his attempts to seize control of England during his brother Richard's imprisonment in Germany; Richard and John were reconciled by the mediation of their mother, May 1193.

PUNISHMENT: Limitations of Power> An alliance of barons launched a rebellion which was successful in forcing John to agree to a comprehensive and humiliating agreement at Runnymede called the 'Magna Carta' [Great Charter], which defined the rights of the Church, barons, and the people, 19 Jun 1215. John soon repudiated the charter, and claimed he acted under duress. Civil War ensued, but John died suddenly on 19 Oct 1216.

DEATH: Place> Bishop of Lincoln's Castle, Newark {Newark, Nottinghamshire, England}.

BORN_SHORT ‎± 1153, DIED_SHORT ‎18 dec 1212 Notre-Dame-du-Parc, Seine-Maritime, France‎, approximately 59 years
KINSHIP: Illegitimate son.

CHURCH: As a child, he was put into deacon's orders.
CHURCH: Archdeacon of Lincoln.
CHURCH: Elected Bishop of Lincoln at his father's request, 1173; confirmed, 1175; resigned, 1182.
CHURCH: Nominated Archbishop of York, 1189; consecrated in his office, 1191; zealous in raising money for his brother, Richard's ransom in 1193, which later led to a charge of spoilation and extortion by the canons of York; suspended for contumacy, 1195; restored to office, 1196; disputed with his brother about taxing church revenues for the royal treasury, 1207; issued an anathema against the collectors and payers of the tax, following which he fled overseas.
OFFICE: Appointed Chancellor of England, 1182-1189.

DEATH: Date> On or about 18 Dec 1212.

BORN_SHORT ‎between 1173-1180 Woodstock Manor, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, DIED_SHORT ‎7 mar 1225-1226 Salisbury Castle, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England‎, BURIED_SHORT ‎ Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
KINSHIP: Illegitimate son by an unknown Mistress.
BIRTH: Date> Before 1173; probably about 1176; say 1175-1180.

OFFICE: Sheriff of Wiltshire, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Somerset, Devon, Shropshire, and Staffordshire.
OFFICE: Keeper of Avranches, Bridgnorth, Dover, and Shrewsbury Castles; Keeper of the MARCHof Wales

HONORS: Knighted.
TITLES: Earl of Salisbury.

POLITICS: Present at the King's side at the signing of the Magna Carta, 1215.
PROPERTY: Baron of Chitterne, Wiltshire
PROPERTY: Granted the manor of Kirton, Lincolnshire by his brother, King Richard I.

CONFLICT: Kinship> Recorded as follows - "The legend that he was son of Henry II by Fair Rosamond is discussed by Hunt in the Dict. Nat. Biog", in 'The Complete Peerage', vol. 11 p. 379 fn. f.